Jump to content

Jeju Island

Coordinates: 33°23′N 126°32′E / 33.38°N 126.53°E / 33.38; 126.53
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jeju Island
Nickname: Sammudo, Samdado ("Island of Three Lacks and Three Abundances")
Image of Jeju Island
Satellite image of Jeju Island
Map of Jeju Island
Jeju Island is located in South Korea
Jeju Island
Jeju Island
Geography
LocationEast Asia
Coordinates33°23′N 126°32′E / 33.38°N 126.53°E / 33.38; 126.53
ArchipelagoJeju
Area1,826[1] km2 (705 sq mi)
Length73 km (45.4 mi)
Width31 km (19.3 mi)
Highest elevation1,950 m (6400 ft)
Highest pointHallasan
Administration
South Korea
Largest settlementJeju City (pop. 501,791)
Demographics
Population678,324 (October 2022)
Pop. density316/km2 (818/sq mi)
LanguagesJeju, Korean
Ethnic groupsJejuans, Korean
Korean name
Hangul
제주도
Hanja
濟州島
Revised RomanizationJejudo
McCune–ReischauerChejudo

Jeju Island (Jeju/Korean제주도; Hanja濟州島; RRJejudo; IPA: [tɕeːdʑudo]) is South Korea's largest island, covering an area of 1,833.2 km2 (707.8 sq mi), which is 1.83% of the total area of the country.[2] Alongside outlying islands, it is part of Jeju Province and makes up the majority of the province.

The island lies in the Korea Strait, south of the Korean Peninsula, and South Jeolla Province. It is located 82.8 km (51.4 mi) off the nearest point on the peninsula.[3] Jeju is one of two special self-governing provinces in South Korea, meaning that the province is run by local politicians. The Jeju people are indigenous to the island, and it has been populated by modern humans since the early Neolithic period. The Jeju language is considered critically endangered by UNESCO. It is also one of the regions of Korea where Shamanism is most intact.[4]

Jeju Island has an oval shape of 73 km (45 mi) east–west and 31 km (19 mi) north–south, with a gentle slope around Hallasan Mountain in the center. The length of the main road is 181 km (112 mi) and the coastline is 258 km (160 mi). On the northern end of Jeju Island is Gimnyeong Beach, on the southern end Songak Mountain, the western end Suwol Peak, and the eastern end Seongsan Ilchulbong.

The island was formed by the eruption of an underwater volcano approximately 2 million years ago.[5] It contains a natural World Heritage Site, the Jeju Volcanic Island and Lava Tubes.[6] Jeju Island has a subtropical climate; even in winter, the temperature rarely falls below 0 °C (32 °F). Jeju is a popular holiday destination and a sizable portion of the economy relies on tourism and related economic activity.

Historical names

[edit]
1894 map of Quelpaërt or Tchæ-Tchiou

Historically, the island has been called by many different names including:

  • Doi (도이; 島夷; lit. Island barbarian)
  • Dongyeongju (동영주; 東瀛州)
  • Juho (주호; 州胡)
  • Tammora (탐모라; 耽牟羅)
  • Seomna (섭라; 涉羅)
  • Tangna (탁나; 乇羅)
  • Tamna (탐나; 耽羅)
  • Quelpart,[7][8][9] Quelparte[10] or Quelpaert Island[11]
  • Junweonhado (준원하도; 준원下島 meaning "southern part of peninsula")
  • Taekseungnido (택승니도, meaning "the peaceful hot island in Joseon")
  • Samdado (삼다도; 三多島) meaning "Island of Three Abundances")[12]
  • Sammudo (삼무도; 三無島)
  • Cheju (spelling until 7 July 2000)

Before the Japanese annexation in 1910, the island was usually known as Quelpart (Quelpaërt, Quelpaert) to Europeans;[13] during the occupation it was known by the Japanese name Saishū. The name Quelpart coming from the French language is attested in Dutch no later than 1648 and may have denoted the first Dutch ship to spot the island, the quelpaert de Brack around 1642, or rather some visual similarity of the island from some angle to this class of ships (a small dispatch vessel, also called a galiot).

The first European explorers to sight the island, the Portuguese, called it Ilha de Ladrones (Island of Thieves).[14]

The name "Fungma island" appeared in the "Atlas of China" of M. Martini who arrived in China as a missionary in 1655.[15]

History

[edit]

Jeju Island has been inhabited by modern humans since the early Neolithic period. There is no discovered historical record of the founding or early history of Tamna. One legend tells that the three divine founders of the country—Go (), Yang (), and Bu ()—emerged from three holes in the ground in the 24th century BC. These holes, known as the Samseonghyeol (삼성혈), are still preserved in Jeju City.[16][17] Until 938 AD, the island was an independent kingdom called Tamna (which means 'island country') when it became a vassal state of Korea under the Goryeo dynasty. In April 1330, in the midst of political purges of the Yuan dynasty, Toghon tomor had been sent in Exile on this remote island, which was then part of the vassal Korean Goguryeo.[18] In 1404, Taejong of Joseon placed the island under firm central control and brought the Tamna kingdom to an end.

From April 1948 to May 1949, it was the site of the Jeju uprising, in which the US-backed South Korean dictatorship may have killed 80,000 to 100,000[19][20] people, mainly civilians, who were suspected of being communists. The act of mentioning the uprising was punishable by beatings, torture, and harsh prison sentences until the mid-1990s, after which the South Korean government finally admitted that the events on the island had taken place.[21] In 2003, the National Committee for Investigation of the Truth about the Jeju April 3 Incident described the event as a genocide.[22]

Landscape

[edit]

Jeju is a volcanic island, dominated by Hallasan: a volcano 1,950 metres (6,400 ft) high and the highest mountain in South Korea. The island measures approximately 73 kilometres (45 mi) across, east to west, and 41 kilometres (25 mi) from north to south.[23] The island also has around 360 oreum: small extinct volcanoes or parasitic cones.[24] Many of these are now popular tourist attractions, such as Geomunoreum,[25] Yongnuni Oreum,[26] and Geum Oreum.[27]

The island formed by volcanic eruptions approximately two million years ago, during the Pleistocene epoch.[28] The island consists chiefly of basalt and lava.

Spirited Garden in Jeju Island

An area covering about 12% (224 square kilometres or 86 square miles) of Jeju Island is called gotjawal, a local term for forests.[29] This area remained uncultivated until the 21st century, as its base of 'a'a lava made it difficult to develop for agriculture. Because this forest remained pristine for so long, it has a unique ecology.[30]

The forest is the main source of groundwater and thus the main water source for the half million people of the island, because rainwater penetrates directly into the aquifer through the cracks of the 'a'a lava under the forest. Gotjawal forest is considered an internationally important wetland under the Ramsar Convention by some researchers[31] because it is the habitat of unique species of plants and is the main source of water for the residents, although to date it has not been declared a Ramsar site.[32]

Formation

[edit]
  • About 2 million years ago, the island of Jeju was formed through volcanic activity.[28]
  • About 1.2 million years ago, a magma chamber formed under the sea floor and began to erupt.
  • About 700 thousand years ago, the island had been formed through volcanic activity. Volcanic activity then stopped for approximately 100 thousand years.
  • About 300 thousand years ago, volcanic activity restarted along the coastline.
  • About 100 thousand years ago, volcanic activity formed Hallasan Mountain.
  • About 25 thousand years ago, lateral eruptions around Hallasan Mountain left multiple oreum (smaller 'parasitic' cones on the flanks of the primary cone).
  • Volcanic activity stopped and prolonged weathering and erosion helped shape the island.[33]

Climate

[edit]

Most of Jeju Island has a humid subtropical climate (Cfa in the Köppen climate classification). Four distinct seasons are experienced in Jeju: winters are cool with moderate rainfall, while summers are hot and humid with very high rainfall.

Jeju City, the northern part of the island, tends to be colder in winter than the southern part due to the influence of continental seasonal winds. Gosan-ri, located on the west side of the island, has the lowest annual average precipitation on the island. However, unlike most parts of mainland Korea, the seasonal precipitation in Gosan-ri is evenly distributed. The Chuja Islands, which belong to Jeju City, are an archipelago located between mainland Korea and Jeju Island and also have a humid subtropical climate (Cfa).

Climate data for Ildo 1-dong, Jeju City (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1923–present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 23.6
(74.5)
24.5
(76.1)
28.1
(82.6)
30.9
(87.6)
33.1
(91.6)
34.5
(94.1)
37.5
(99.5)
37.5
(99.5)
35.1
(95.2)
32.1
(89.8)
26.7
(80.1)
23.3
(73.9)
37.5
(99.5)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 8.6
(47.5)
9.9
(49.8)
13.3
(55.9)
18.0
(64.4)
22.1
(71.8)
24.9
(76.8)
29.3
(84.7)
30.1
(86.2)
26.1
(79.0)
21.6
(70.9)
16.4
(61.5)
11.0
(51.8)
19.3
(66.7)
Daily mean °C (°F) 6.1
(43.0)
6.8
(44.2)
9.8
(49.6)
14.2
(57.6)
18.3
(64.9)
21.7
(71.1)
26.2
(79.2)
27.2
(81.0)
23.3
(73.9)
18.6
(65.5)
13.3
(55.9)
8.3
(46.9)
16.2
(61.2)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 3.7
(38.7)
4.0
(39.2)
6.6
(43.9)
10.8
(51.4)
15.0
(59.0)
19.1
(66.4)
23.7
(74.7)
24.8
(76.6)
20.9
(69.6)
15.7
(60.3)
10.4
(50.7)
5.6
(42.1)
13.4
(56.1)
Record low °C (°F) −5.8
(21.6)
−6.0
(21.2)
−4.1
(24.6)
−0.2
(31.6)
4.0
(39.2)
9.2
(48.6)
15.0
(59.0)
15.8
(60.4)
9.8
(49.6)
5.5
(41.9)
0.5
(32.9)
−3.6
(25.5)
−6.0
(21.2)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 67.5
(2.66)
57.2
(2.25)
90.6
(3.57)
89.7
(3.53)
95.6
(3.76)
171.2
(6.74)
210.2
(8.28)
272.3
(10.72)
227.8
(8.97)
95.1
(3.74)
69.5
(2.74)
55.6
(2.19)
1,502.3
(59.15)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) 12.2 10.2 10.3 9.4 9.8 11.7 11.8 13.2 11.2 6.7 9.8 11.5 127.8
Average snowy days 7.2 4.2 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 5.3 18.1
Average relative humidity (%) 64.0 63.3 63.2 64.8 68.4 77.9 78.3 76.2 73.7 66.4 65.0 64.1 68.8
Mean monthly sunshine hours 70.2 110.0 166.0 196.5 212.2 159.7 189.8 195.1 158.9 173.3 123.7 79.1 1,834.5
Percent possible sunshine 22.2 34.0 42.8 49.8 49.2 39.7 44.7 47.2 43.5 50.7 40.2 27.4 41.7
Source: Korea Meteorological Administration (percent sunshine 1981–2010)[34][35][36]
Climate data for Gosan-ri, Hangyeong-myeon, Jeju City (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1988–present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 18.8
(65.8)
20.1
(68.2)
21.4
(70.5)
27.3
(81.1)
27.5
(81.5)
29.6
(85.3)
34.3
(93.7)
35.5
(95.9)
32.5
(90.5)
30.3
(86.5)
26.8
(80.2)
21.9
(71.4)
35.5
(95.9)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 8.4
(47.1)
9.4
(48.9)
12.5
(54.5)
16.7
(62.1)
20.4
(68.7)
23.7
(74.7)
27.4
(81.3)
29.3
(84.7)
26.1
(79.0)
21.4
(70.5)
16.4
(61.5)
11.0
(51.8)
18.6
(65.5)
Daily mean °C (°F) 6.1
(43.0)
6.6
(43.9)
9.4
(48.9)
13.4
(56.1)
17.1
(62.8)
20.7
(69.3)
24.9
(76.8)
26.4
(79.5)
23.0
(73.4)
18.5
(65.3)
13.5
(56.3)
8.5
(47.3)
15.7
(60.3)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 3.8
(38.8)
4.1
(39.4)
6.5
(43.7)
10.5
(50.9)
14.3
(57.7)
18.4
(65.1)
22.9
(73.2)
24.1
(75.4)
20.6
(69.1)
15.9
(60.6)
10.9
(51.6)
5.9
(42.6)
13.2
(55.8)
Record low °C (°F) −6.2
(20.8)
−3.0
(26.6)
−2.3
(27.9)
3.3
(37.9)
9.2
(48.6)
12.7
(54.9)
16.8
(62.2)
17.1
(62.8)
14.8
(58.6)
7.3
(45.1)
0.8
(33.4)
−2.0
(28.4)
−6.2
(20.8)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 40.6
(1.60)
47.8
(1.88)
76.2
(3.00)
94.7
(3.73)
117.7
(4.63)
158.1
(6.22)
167.7
(6.60)
201.9
(7.95)
120.4
(4.74)
56.9
(2.24)
60.2
(2.37)
40.7
(1.60)
1,182.9
(46.57)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) 10.6 9.0 10.2 9.0 9.6 11.3 11.3 13.1 9.6 6.3 8.6 10.4 119
Average snowy days 5.9 3.0 1.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 4.0 14.5
Average relative humidity (%) 66.9 68.0 69.9 74.2 80.2 86.2 89.2 83.9 77.8 69.7 67.9 66.5 75.0
Mean monthly sunshine hours 95.4 131.0 175.4 196.3 205.3 156.0 172.6 219.7 187.4 206.6 150.7 106.3 2,002.7
Percent possible sunshine 28.7 40.7 45.0 50.3 46.9 36.8 40.4 52.0 50.5 58.8 48.9 34.9 44.7
Source: Korea Meteorological Administration (snow and percent sunshine 1981–2010)[34][35][36]
Climate data for Chuja Islands, Jeju City (1993–2020 normals)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 7.2
(45.0)
8.4
(47.1)
11.5
(52.7)
15.6
(60.1)
19.4
(66.9)
22.8
(73.0)
26.8
(80.2)
28.9
(84.0)
25.5
(77.9)
21.0
(69.8)
15.3
(59.5)
9.7
(49.5)
17.7
(63.9)
Daily mean °C (°F) 5.0
(41.0)
5.7
(42.3)
8.6
(47.5)
12.5
(54.5)
16.3
(61.3)
19.9
(67.8)
24.3
(75.7)
26.2
(79.2)
22.9
(73.2)
18.4
(65.1)
12.8
(55.0)
7.5
(45.5)
15.0
(59.0)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 2.8
(37.0)
3.3
(37.9)
6.0
(42.8)
10.0
(50.0)
13.9
(57.0)
17.8
(64.0)
22.2
(72.0)
24.2
(75.6)
21.1
(70.0)
16.4
(61.5)
10.6
(51.1)
5.1
(41.2)
12.8
(55.0)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 27.2
(1.07)
40.3
(1.59)
73.0
(2.87)
79.6
(3.13)
92.5
(3.64)
152.7
(6.01)
190.3
(7.49)
201.8
(7.94)
132.9
(5.23)
57.9
(2.28)
46.6
(1.83)
32.9
(1.30)
1,127.7
(44.40)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) 5.9 5.5 7.0 7.7 7.8 8.8 9.1 8.5 6.9 4.6 5.9 7.4 85.1
Source: Korea Meteorological Administration[34]

Seogwipo, the southern part of the island, is relatively warmer in winter than Jeju City because Hallasan in the middle of the island blocks continental seasonal winds. Downtown Seogwipo has the highest average temperature in January in Korea, even compared to mainland Korea. Seongsan-eup, on the southeastern side of the island, is directly affected by both the East Asian monsoon and the Tsushima Current, so annual precipitation is very high. Seogwipo is one of the regions with the highest annual precipitation in Korea.

Climate data for Jeongbang-dong, Seogwipo (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1961–present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 20.7
(69.3)
23.6
(74.5)
23.8
(74.8)
28.5
(83.3)
30.4
(86.7)
31.5
(88.7)
35.8
(96.4)
35.9
(96.6)
34.8
(94.6)
30.9
(87.6)
28.0
(82.4)
21.9
(71.4)
35.9
(96.6)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 10.8
(51.4)
11.8
(53.2)
14.7
(58.5)
18.6
(65.5)
22.3
(72.1)
24.7
(76.5)
28.3
(82.9)
30.1
(86.2)
27.4
(81.3)
23.5
(74.3)
18.4
(65.1)
13.1
(55.6)
20.3
(68.5)
Daily mean °C (°F) 7.2
(45.0)
8.2
(46.8)
11.0
(51.8)
15.0
(59.0)
18.8
(65.8)
21.8
(71.2)
25.7
(78.3)
27.2
(81.0)
24.1
(75.4)
19.6
(67.3)
14.6
(58.3)
9.4
(48.9)
16.9
(62.4)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 4.1
(39.4)
4.8
(40.6)
7.5
(45.5)
11.6
(52.9)
15.8
(60.4)
19.5
(67.1)
23.8
(74.8)
24.9
(76.8)
21.5
(70.7)
16.4
(61.5)
11.2
(52.2)
6.2
(43.2)
13.9
(57.0)
Record low °C (°F) −6.4
(20.5)
−6.3
(20.7)
−4.4
(24.1)
0.2
(32.4)
7.2
(45.0)
11.9
(53.4)
14.8
(58.6)
16.8
(62.2)
12.2
(54.0)
6.8
(44.2)
0.0
(32.0)
−4.1
(24.6)
−6.4
(20.5)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 60.7
(2.39)
77.9
(3.07)
130.3
(5.13)
187.0
(7.36)
223.6
(8.80)
267.6
(10.54)
275.8
(10.86)
315.7
(12.43)
208.8
(8.22)
100.4
(3.95)
86.2
(3.39)
55.6
(2.19)
1,989.6
(78.33)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) 9.8 9.6 10.5 10.1 10.7 12.8 13.8 14.3 10.9 5.8 8.1 8.9 125.3
Average snowy days 3.8 2.4 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 3.1 10.2
Average relative humidity (%) 63.0 62.5 62.4 65.2 70.6 80.7 86.1 80.9 73.6 64.8 64.7 63.2 69.8
Mean monthly sunshine hours 153.5 157.4 185.8 196.5 203.5 136.3 144.8 187.7 174.7 208.8 166.8 158.8 2,074.6
Percent possible sunshine 48.0 49.2 46.9 48.9 46.3 33.6 32.5 44.5 47.4 58.8 54.3 52.1 46.2
Source: Korea Meteorological Administration (percent sunshine 1981–2010)[34][35][36]
Climate data for Seongsan-eup, Seogwipo (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1971–present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 20.9
(69.6)
22.3
(72.1)
22.7
(72.9)
28.1
(82.6)
30.6
(87.1)
31.8
(89.2)
36.2
(97.2)
35.5
(95.9)
33.3
(91.9)
30.1
(86.2)
25.7
(78.3)
22.1
(71.8)
36.2
(97.2)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 8.9
(48.0)
10.1
(50.2)
13.6
(56.5)
18.0
(64.4)
21.9
(71.4)
24.2
(75.6)
28.1
(82.6)
29.7
(85.5)
26.5
(79.7)
22.0
(71.6)
16.7
(62.1)
11.2
(52.2)
19.2
(66.6)
Daily mean °C (°F) 5.4
(41.7)
6.3
(43.3)
9.5
(49.1)
13.8
(56.8)
17.7
(63.9)
20.9
(69.6)
25.1
(77.2)
26.5
(79.7)
23.2
(73.8)
18.2
(64.8)
12.7
(54.9)
7.5
(45.5)
15.6
(60.1)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 2.1
(35.8)
2.5
(36.5)
5.2
(41.4)
9.4
(48.9)
13.7
(56.7)
17.9
(64.2)
22.6
(72.7)
23.9
(75.0)
20.2
(68.4)
14.5
(58.1)
8.8
(47.8)
3.9
(39.0)
12.1
(53.8)
Record low °C (°F) −7.0
(19.4)
−6.4
(20.5)
−4.7
(23.5)
−1.3
(29.7)
1.7
(35.1)
8.2
(46.8)
13.7
(56.7)
16.2
(61.2)
10.4
(50.7)
3.2
(37.8)
−0.6
(30.9)
−4.0
(24.8)
−7.0
(19.4)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 77.5
(3.05)
83.2
(3.28)
139.4
(5.49)
161.3
(6.35)
178.0
(7.01)
231.9
(9.13)
271.3
(10.68)
343.2
(13.51)
248.6
(9.79)
114.0
(4.49)
102.8
(4.05)
78.8
(3.10)
2,030
(79.92)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) 11.0 9.8 10.4 9.4 9.8 12.8 12.7 13.3 10.8 6.3 9.0 10.1 125.4
Average snowy days 6.1 3.7 0.7 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 3.8 14.6
Average relative humidity (%) 67.4 65.5 65.4 67.4 72.2 82.6 85.6 81.5 76.3 69.4 68.7 67.7 72.5
Mean monthly sunshine hours 128.6 145.5 181.5 198.0 208.7 141.1 160.3 192.6 167.2 192.0 156.7 134.7 2,006.9
Percent possible sunshine 38.7 47.3 45.8 49.4 47.7 33.8 35.9 44.0 44.5 55.0 49.6 42.1 44.2
Source: Korea Meteorological Administration (snow and percent sunshine 1981–2010)[34][35][36]

The climate of the highlands in the middle of the island where Hallasan is located is quite different from that of the rest of the island. As the altitude increases, the average temperature decreases and the climate becomes colder. The highlands of Jeju Island have the highest annual precipitation in Korea.

Climate data for Seongpanak, Hallasan (elevation 760 m (2,490 ft), 1999–2020 normals)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 2.8
(37.0)
4.7
(40.5)
9.0
(48.2)
14.5
(58.1)
18.9
(66.0)
21.4
(70.5)
24.7
(76.5)
24.7
(76.5)
21.1
(70.0)
16.6
(61.9)
11.2
(52.2)
5.2
(41.4)
14.6
(58.3)
Daily mean °C (°F) −0.4
(31.3)
1.0
(33.8)
4.9
(40.8)
10.2
(50.4)
14.7
(58.5)
17.7
(63.9)
21.4
(70.5)
21.6
(70.9)
17.8
(64.0)
12.8
(55.0)
7.4
(45.3)
1.9
(35.4)
10.9
(51.6)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −3.1
(26.4)
−2.3
(27.9)
0.9
(33.6)
5.9
(42.6)
10.6
(51.1)
14.3
(57.7)
18.5
(65.3)
18.9
(66.0)
15.0
(59.0)
9.3
(48.7)
4.0
(39.2)
−1.0
(30.2)
7.6
(45.7)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 137.1
(5.40)
182.4
(7.18)
258.8
(10.19)
414.9
(16.33)
465.9
(18.34)
451.7
(17.78)
583.9
(22.99)
717.0
(28.23)
581.1
(22.88)
237.2
(9.34)
197.5
(7.78)
153.5
(6.04)
4,381
(172.48)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) 13.0 11.5 11.0 10.8 11.1 14.1 17.8 18.7 15.6 9.2 11.6 13.4 157.8
Source: Korea Meteorological Administration[34]
Climate data for Witse Oreum, Hallasan (elevation 1,673 m (5,489 ft), 2003–2009 normals)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) −1.6
(29.1)
0.9
(33.6)
3.4
(38.1)
10.0
(50.0)
14.9
(58.8)
18.1
(64.6)
20.3
(68.5)
20.6
(69.1)
18.1
(64.6)
13.2
(55.8)
6.8
(44.2)
0.0
(32.0)
10.4
(50.7)
Daily mean °C (°F) −5.9
(21.4)
−3.5
(25.7)
−0.8
(30.6)
5.2
(41.4)
10.3
(50.5)
14.0
(57.2)
17.4
(63.3)
17.4
(63.3)
14.2
(57.6)
8.2
(46.8)
2.2
(36.0)
−3.5
(25.7)
6.4
(43.5)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −9.1
(15.6)
−7.5
(18.5)
−5.1
(22.8)
0.7
(33.3)
5.7
(42.3)
10.4
(50.7)
14.7
(58.5)
14.5
(58.1)
11.0
(51.8)
4.3
(39.7)
−0.9
(30.4)
−6.6
(20.1)
2.7
(36.9)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 46.9
(1.85)
128.0
(5.04)
301.2
(11.86)
426.1
(16.78)
653.1
(25.71)
651.9
(25.67)
742.3
(29.22)
836.4
(32.93)
526.7
(20.74)
126.5
(4.98)
165.8
(6.53)
64.6
(2.54)
4,669.4
(183.83)
Source: Jeju Regional Meteorological Administration[37]

In January 2016, a cold wave affected Jeju Island. Snow and frigid weather forced the cancellation of 1,200 flights on Jeju Island, stranding approximately 90,300 passengers.[38]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Joshua Calder's World Island Info - Largest Islands of Selected Countries". Worldislandinfo.com. Retrieved 2016-01-30.
  2. ^ Woo, Kyung Sik; Sohn, Young Kwan; Yoon, Seok Hoon; Ahn, Ung San; Spate, Andy (2013-07-01). Jeju Island Geopark - A Volcanic Wonder of Korea. Springer Science & Business Media. ISBN 978-3-642-20564-4.
  3. ^ Landsat/Copernicus; Data SIO; NOAA; United States Navy; NGA; GEBCO; TMap Mobility; TerraMetrics (2022). "Korea Strait" (Map). Google Earth. Alphabet. Retrieved 15 May 2022.
  4. ^ Choi, Joon-sik (2006). Folk-Religion: The Customs in Korea. Ewha Womans University Press. Ewha Womans University Press. ISBN 978-8973006281.
  5. ^ "Jeju Island". Business Traveller. February 2011.
  6. ^ "Unesco names World Heritage sites". BBC News. June 28, 2007. Retrieved May 6, 2010.
  7. ^ Hulbert, H. B (1905). "The Island of Quelpart". Bulletin of the American Geographical Society. 37 (7): 396–408. doi:10.2307/198722. JSTOR 198722.
  8. ^ "Photographic image of map". Archived from the original (JPG) on 6 April 2017. Retrieved 26 June 2022.
  9. ^ Hall, R. Burnett (1926). "Quelpart Island and Its People". Geographical Review. 16 (1): 60–72. Bibcode:1926GeoRv..16...60H. doi:10.2307/208503. JSTOR 208503.
  10. ^ Hulbert, Archer Butler (1902). "The Queen of Quelparte".
  11. ^ Sokol, A. E (1948). "The Name of Quelpaert Island". Isis. 38 (3/4): 231–235. doi:10.1086/348077. S2CID 144230819.
  12. ^ "Jeju Island Facts". Softschools.com.
  13. ^ "The Island of Quelpart" (PDF). Fs.unm.edu.
  14. ^ Sokol, A. E. (February 1948). "The Name Of Quelpaert Island". Isis. 38 (3/4): 231–235. doi:10.1086/348077. S2CID 144230819. Retrieved July 8, 2021.
  15. ^ "The memory and traces of marine exchange:Jeju Island in eastern and western antique maps" (PDF). eastsea1994.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2021-08-31. Retrieved 2021-01-03.
  16. ^ "Jeju (Cheju) Island Travel Information: Samseonghyeol". Retrieved 30 July 2014.
  17. ^ Sources of Korean tradition. 2: From the sixteenth to the twentieth centuries / ed by Yong-ho Ch'oe ... with the collaboration of Donald Baker ... and contributions by Martina Deuchler. New York Chichester: Columbia University Press. 2001. ISBN 978-0-231-10566-8.
  18. ^ Kyung Moon Hwang A History of Korea, London: Palgrave, 2010 p. 56.
  19. ^ Cumings, Bruce (2010), "Rapprochement in Postwar History: Implications for North Korea", New Challenges of North Korean Foreign Policy, New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, pp. 205–222, ISBN 978-1-349-28797-0, retrieved 2024-09-26
  20. ^ Tucker, Spencer C. (December 2010). "The Korean War, 1950–53: from maneuver to stalemate". Korean Journal of Defense Analysis. 22 (4): 421–433. doi:10.1080/10163271.2010.519926. ISSN 1016-3271.
  21. ^ Zelikow, Philip; Johnson, Chalmers (2000). "Blowback: The Costs and Consequences of American Empire". Foreign Affairs. 79 (5): 138. doi:10.2307/20049919. ISSN 0015-7120.
  22. ^ The National Committee for the Investigation of the Truth about the Jeju April 3 Incident (December 15, 2003). "The Jeju April 3 Incident Investigation Report" (PDF). Office of the Prime Minister, Republic of Korea. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 21, 2015. Retrieved August 17, 2015.
  23. ^ Map of Korea: Cheju Island Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine The People's Korea. Accessed 8 July 2012
  24. ^ 권, 동희, "오름", Encyclopedia of Korean Culture (in Korean), Academy of Korean Studies, retrieved 2024-07-13
  25. ^ 권, 동희, "제주 선흘리 거문오름 (濟州 善屹里 거문오름)", Encyclopedia of Korean Culture (in Korean), Academy of Korean Studies, retrieved 2024-07-10
  26. ^ 김, 태호, "용눈이오름 (龍눈이오름)", Encyclopedia of Korean Culture (in Korean), Academy of Korean Studies, retrieved 2024-07-11
  27. ^ "Geumak (Geum) Oreum Volcanic Cone". www.visitjeju.net. Retrieved 2024-07-13.
  28. ^ a b Woo, Kyung; Sohn, Young; Ahn, Ung; Spate, Andy (January 2013), "Geology of Jeju Island", Jeju Island Geopark - A Volcanic Wonder of Korea, Geoparks of the World (closed), vol. 1, pp. 13–14, doi:10.1007/978-3-642-20564-4_5, ISBN 978-3-642-20563-7
  29. ^ "RISS 통합검색 - 국내학술지논문 상세보기". Riss4u.net.
  30. ^ "RISS 통합검색 - 학위논문 상세보기". Riss4u.net.
  31. ^ Jang, Yong-chang and Chanwon Lee, 2009, "Gotjawal Forest as an internationally important wetland," Journal of Korean Wetlands Studies, 2009, Vol 1.
  32. ^ "Ramsar site list" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on January 14, 2009. Retrieved 2007-06-20. Accessed June 2009
  33. ^ "제주특별자치도 자연환경생태정보시스템". nature.jeju.go.kr. Archived from the original on 2016-07-12. Retrieved 2016-03-14.
  34. ^ a b c d e f "Climatological Normals of Korea (1991 ~ 2020)" (PDF) (in Korean). Korea Meteorological Administration. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 January 2022. Retrieved 4 April 2022.
  35. ^ a b c d 순위값 - 구역별조회 (in Korean). Korea Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 4 April 2022.
  36. ^ a b c d "Climatological Normals of Korea" (PDF). Korea Meteorological Administration. 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 December 2016. Retrieved 8 December 2016.
  37. ^ "제주도상세기후특성집(2010) 윗세오름(871)" (PDF). Jeju Regional Meteorological Administration. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 October 2021. Retrieved 24 May 2023.
  38. ^ Ap, Tiffany (January 25, 2016). "Deaths, travel disruption as bitter cold grips Asia". CNN. Retrieved January 25, 2016.
[edit]